16 Years Without Legal Protection: Threats and Criminalization of Indigenous Communities

Over the past 16 years, the Indigenous Peoples Bill (RUU Masyarakat Adat) has been discussed without certainty of ratification. Amidst legislative deadlock, Indigenous Communities face increasing agrarian conflicts, criminalization, and land grabs. The absence of adequate legal protection renders them vulnerable. Existing sectoral regulations fail to guarantee their rights, including land and resource rights. Fundamental human rights violations, such as freedom of religion and traditions, are neglected. According to AMAN by year-end 2025, over 135 land acquisition cases affected 3.8 million hectares, with 162 residents subjected to violence and criminalization. Without passing the RUU Masyarakat Adat, the situation worsens, exacerbating ecological issues and increasing social conflicts. Natural disasters, like floods, are linked to massive deforestation. Exploitation of traditional territories heightens threats, which could be mitigated by indigenous knowledge and customs in land and resource management. The coalition urges the government and parliament to immediately pass the RUU to protect community rights and preserve the environment.